NEPAD/HSGIC-03-2003/APRM/Guideline/OSCI 9 March 2003 c. Promotion and protection of economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights as enshrined in all African and international human rights instruments. d. Uphold the separation of powers including the protection of the independence of the judiciary and of an effective Parliament e. Ensure accountable, efficient and effective public office holders and civil servants f. Fighting corruption in the political sphere. g. Promotion and protection of the rights of women h. Promotion and protection of the rights of the child and young persons i. Promotion and protection of the rights of vulnerable groups, including displaced persons and refugees. B. Standards, Indicative Criteria and Examples of Indicators 2.3 Objective 1: Prevent and reduce intra- and inter-country conflicts 2.3.1 Standards a. Constitutive Act of the African Union (2000) b. Cairo Declaration on the Establishment, within the OAU, of the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution (1993); [or the Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (2002) when operational] c. Conference on Security, Stability, Development and Co-operation in Africa (CSSDCA) Solemn Declaration (2000) d. Declaration on the Framework for an OAU Response to Unconstitutional Changes of Government (2000) e. Charter of the United Nations (1945) Page 6 of 31