with ARIs taken to a health facility for treatment increased from 19.6% to 65.7%. There has also been a reduction of pneumonia case fatality from 18.7% in 2000 to 5.7% in 2008. 95. Evidence has shown that populations, especially children that are heavily exposed to wood smoke from cooking, are at much higher risk from severe pneumonia and at higher risk of mortality. 1 96 . Prevention though handwashing, immunisations with pneumococcal vaccine, early diagnosis and Treatment with antibiotics is highly effective. Along with malaria and oral rehydration of diarrhoeal disease, it is addressed through an Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) approach. 97. Successful implementation of pneumonia interventions in the PoW is likely to have contributed to the dramatic fall in infant and Under 5 mortality. Continuation will help to achieve the two MDGs 2015 targets dealing with child mortality. 98. Malaria is endemic throughout Malawi and continues to be a major public health problem with an estimated 6 million cases occurring annually. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Under 5 years of age and pregnant women. The use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) when sleeping is the primary control strategy for preventing Malaria. The Malawi National Indicators Survey 2010 Report. 2 Malaria Parasite Prevalence Rate by slide microscopy of 43.3% nationally and severe anaemia prevalence (HB concentration > 8g/dl) was 12.3 % >5yrs). 99. Malaria parasite prevalence increased with increasing age whilst severe anaemia showed the opposite trend, both Malaria parasite and severe anaemia prevalence rates were higher among children who did not sleep under an ITN the previous night. 100. The prevalence of severe anaemia in children under 2 years of age who did sleep under an ITN the night before showed 25.7% compared to rate of 13.6% among those who did sleep under a net the previous night. This was found to be higher in the poor wealth quintile. 1 Effect of reduction in household air pollution on childhood pneumonia in Guatemala (RESPIRE): a randomised controlled trial: The Lancet, Volume 378, Issue 9804, 12 November 2011 Malawi National Malaria Indicator Survey 2010 NMCP MOH 2010. 2 29 | P a g e