2. Administrative measures A national strategy on gender mainstreaming (SNIG) incorporating the provisions of the Protocol was adopted by the Government in 2015. It integrates gender in all public policies and is based on two focus areas: - Gender mainstreaming in public policies and sectoral programmes; - Women’s empowerment; - Combatting stereotypes and Gender-Based Violence (GBV).  Implementation of SOPs (standard operating procedures) for an enhanced response and a comprehensive management of survivors of GBV;  Implementation of a national plan of action for the voluntary abandoning of FGM practices;  Greater emphasis on the gender dimension in the different updates of the PRSP;  Establishment of several economic programmes for the empowerment of women. Examples: - Nissa banks, - Women’s savings and credit groups (GFEC), - Savings and credit funds (CAPEC), - Development and savings fund (CDD), - Inter-community fund for the development of oasis (FICO), - Regional or local programmes of credit and savings funds, - Community-based insurance schemes for support to women in their intervention zones.  Progress made in terms of the political participation of women: - Adoption of a national list of 20 women for national assembly elections; - Adoption of a list of 18 seats in Nouakchott comprising men and women in an alternating manner (01 man, 01 woman); - Increase in the number of constituencies with three seats to be filled, with at least one reserved for a woman; - Progress in the rate of participation of women in the National Assembly from 19% in 2006 to 22.4% in 2013, in municipal councils from 30% in 2006 to 35.58% in 2013 and in the Senate from 16% in 2006 to 18% in 2010.  Presence of women in decision-making circles: - 9 out of 27 ministers are women (33%); - 31 out of 147 national assembly members, i.e. 21%; - 10 out of 56 senators; - 6 women mayors out of 218 including the President of the Urban Community of Nouakchott, the country’s capital, and 4 mayors in rural districts; - 1,317 out of 3,722 municipal councillors, i.e. 35.4%.  Senior positions in the area of human rights are held by women. They include: - the Ambassador, Permanent Representative to the United Nations and International Organizations in Geneva; and - the Chairperson of the National Commission for Human Rights. 52