 On extrême poverty and hunger: Income poverty: 20. The target set by the MDGs on poverty will not be achieved in 2015 because Madagascar still has a high poverty rate (71.5%) in 2012. Table 2 Indicators of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 1 on poverty Name of the indicator Indicator 1.1: Proportion of the population living below the national poverty line (line: 535 603 Ar) Indicator 1.1: Extreme poverty, national (seuil : 374 941 Ar) Indicator 1.1: Proportion of the population living with less than $ 2 PPP per day (poverty, international level; US $ 2 PPP: 976794 Ar) Indicator 1.1: Proportion of population living with less than $ 1.25 PPP per day (extreme poverty, international level; US $ 1.25 PPP: 610496 Ar) Indicator 1.2: Index of poverty gap (average gap compared to poverty line of 535,603 in Ar) Indicator 1.3: Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Source : INSTAT/DDSS/ENSOMD 2012-2013 ENSOMD 2012-2013 ( %) 71,5 % 52,7 % 91,0 % Target 2015 35 % 14 % 77,1 % 32,8 % 6,1 % 21. In Madagascar, the poverty trend is as follows : - Sharp increase in the poverty ratio between 2001 and 2002, - Significant decrease between 2002 and 2005, - Another sharp increase between 2005 and 2010, - Slight decline between 2010 and 2012. 22. This result is largely correlated with the evolution of macroeconomic aggregates and highlights the harmful effects of repeated socio-political crises on the living conditions of households. Figure 1 : Evolution of poverty between 2001 and 2012-2013 Source : INSTAT/DDSS/ENSOMD 2012-2013 Food poverty: 5