THE KINGDOM OF LESOTHO COMBINED SECOND TO EIGHTH PERIODIC REPORT UNDER THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS AND INITIAL REPORT UNDER THE PROTOCOL TO THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN AFRICA years old having the highest prevalence of 46%. Additionally, the incidence rate of HIV is 1.9 per 100 person years and is among the highest in the world.70 One out of four new HIV infections occur among adolescent girls and young women, mainly as a result of exclusion, inter-generational sexual relationships, discrimination and gender based violence. Approximately 310,000 children and adults are living with HIV. Table B8: HIV prevalence indicators Indicator Value of indicator HIV Prevalence (national) 24.6% HIV Prevalence (men) 18.6% HIV Prevalence (women) 29.7% HIV Prevalence Peak age (women) 35-39 years (46%) HIV Prevalence Peak age (men) 40-44 years (44%) 457. Of particular concern is HIV prevalence among vulnerable and risk populations. The prevalence of HIV is 72% among sex workers, 43% in factory workers, 33% in men who have sex with men and 31% among prison inmates. Prevalence is higher in urban areas than in rural, and by districts, ranging from a low rate of 17% in Mokhotlong to a high rate of 28% in Maseru. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates a TB incidence of 916/100,000 and prevalence of 613/100,000 in Lesotho. This is an increase in prevalence from 548/100,000 in 1990 mainly due to HIV. The rate of TB/HIV coinfection is high, at 76%73. 458. The key drivers that significantly contribute to new infections in the general population include multiple and concurrent sexual partners, low and inconsistent use of condoms, low rates of medical male circumcision, mother-to-child transmission and gender based violence. Poverty and poor psychosocial support are also factors that increase susceptibility to HIV infection. Only 39% women and 31% men have a comprehensive knowledge (transmission and prevention) of HIV with lower rates in rural women (43%) 158