B. Legal framework and concrete measures 105. The legal framework governing human rights in Algeria includes the Constitution, international treaties, organic laws and the law. 106. The Algerian Constitution of 1996, amended in 2008, devotes Chapter IV to rights and freedoms, which are established as constitutional principles. They are also contained in international human rights treaties to which Algeria is a party. 107. In accordance with the decision of the Constitutional Council of 20 August 1989, Algeria’s international commitments take precedence over domestic law. This decision guarantees the constitutional principle according to which any international treaty ratified takes precedence over domestic law. The Constitution stipulates that “once it has been ratified and published, any convention shall become part of domestic law and, in application of Article 132 of the Constitution, shall acquire a higher status than the law, thus allowing any Algerian citizen to invoke it before the courts”. 108. Algeria has subscribed to most of the fundamental human rights conventions. Algeria submits on a regularly basis, to UN human rights treaty bodies, reports on the implementation of its human rights commitments. Algeria maintains close cooperation relations with organisations of the UN system, international humanitarian organisations and non-governmental organisations. 109. The annual celebration of the Human Rights Day, Women’s Day, Children’s Day, Day of the African Child and Day of People with Disabilities, is an occasion to raise public awareness, through events organised, about the international human rights instruments ratified by Algeria. It is also an occasion to measure the impact of the activities conducted by the government and to learn lessons towards improving their effective implementation. 110. In the area of human rights education, primary schools help in popularising conventions which are integrated into the school programmes and manuals of several subjects: civic education, Islamic education, languages, history and geography. Students acquaint themselves with human rights through international instruments (Universal Declaration and other international treaties), and posters or articles of some conventions are published as teaching material in all schools across the country. Also, human rights modules form an integral part of the courses of the Advanced School of Magistracy, the Higher Police Academy and the National School of Penitentiary Administration, as well as Schools of the National Gendarmerie. 111. Regional and international human rights conventions ratified by Algeria are posted on the website of the Ministry of Justice (www.mjustice.dz). A compendium of the main international legal instruments is provided free-of-charge to magistrates. The latter also benefit from training, in Algeria and abroad, on public freedoms and human rights. 112. In addition to the Constitution, several legislative texts, in particular of an organic nature, today promote the democratisation of public activities. 113. Organic Law No. 12-04 of 12 January 2012 on political parties is aimed at strengthening political pluralism and enriching the provisions governing the creation of political parties and their relationship with the administration, transparency in the management of the finances of political parties, as well as possible disputes or conflicts that may occur between the administration and registered political parties. 114. Law No. 12-06 of 12 January 2012 on associations is aimed at strengthening freedom of association, regulating in a precise manner the activities of associations and addressing legal shortfalls, in particular regarding foreign foundations, clubs and associations established in Algeria. This law further consolidates the right to create associations by obliging the 19