e) Family reunion and children deprived of family environment (art. 25-2b et 18-3) e1. Administrative, legislative and judicial measures To reduce exodus to urban centres and to the diaspora, the State exhorts farmers to grow out-of-season crops after winter. Micro-credits granted to women to fight poverty may, to an extent, contribute to family reunification. In the judicial domain, the reconciliation phase is mandatory whenever divorce proceedings are initiated. In effect, the spouses are given a two-month period of reflection. In the traditional society, adoption can be reviewed at any time. It is a customary practice which is conducted outside the judicial institutions. The Penal Code provides for and cracks down on the abduction of a child under custody by virtue of a court judgment (section 259) and desertion of family or the home (section 260). The CRC in its article 20 recognizes and guarantees this right. Children whose parents are not found are the subject of placement in the different reception centres. They are catered for by the State or the host centre. f) Maintenance of the child (article 18-3) f1. Administrative, legislative and judicial measures Maintenance of the child is one of the first obligations of parents. This principle is enshrined in the Constitution and the CRC. Despite the existence of these enactments that guarantee the child‟s protection, their implementation is not effective due to socio-cultural bottlenecks. f2. Limitations In tradition, the oldest child of the family is neglected. The child born out of wedlock is maintained only by its mother whereas the legitimate child is maintained by both parents. f3. Achievements: In case of a court judgment pronouncing divorce, the parent not having custody of the children is sentenced to payment of alimony based on his income. Non payment of this alimony is punishable under the Penal Code (section 261). Apart from this punishment, the president of the court or judge in charge of marital matters may order the seizure of salary. 21