f. information, subject to such qualifications and laws as are
necessary in a democratic society;
g. freedom of movement which means the rights to leave and
enter Ghana and immunity from expulsion from Ghana.
Political Pluralism in Ghana
Ghana has a pluralistic political system, which is manifest in the right to
form political parties in accordance with the Political Parties Law
(PNDCL). Article 3 of the 1992 Constitution debars Parliament from
enacting a law establishing a one-party state whilst Article 55(a)
guarantees the right to form political parties. There are approximately 7
registered political parties in the country.
Professional and Interest Group Activity
Numerous professional bodies and interest groups also exist to freely
champion the cause of their various constituents, and to exert pressures
and checks on the state to act in ways favourable to their members.
Among the most politically vocal and influential interests groups in the
country are the Trade Unions Congress (TUC), the Ghana Bar Association
(GBA), the Ghana Medical Association (GMA), the Ghana National
Association of Teachers (GNAT), the National Union of Ghanaian
Students (NUGS), the Ghana Registered Nurses' Association (GRNA) and
the Judicial Services Staff Association (JUSAG).
Thus, trade unions, political parties and a host of interest groups operate
in an atmosphere of institutionalized pluralism.
Article 12 of the African Charter
.1. Every individual shall have the right to freedom and residence within
the borders of a State provided he abides by the law
2. Every individual shall have the right to leave any country, including his
own, and to return to his country. This right may only be subject to
restrictions, provided for by law for the protections of national
security, law and order, public health or morality.
3. Every individual shall have the right, when persecuted, to seek and
obtain asylum in other countries in accordance with the laws of those
countries and international conventions.