report of the Labor Department reveals that so far there are 136 registered collective agreements operational under the Ministry of Labour and Human Welfare. In this regard, all undertakings which have collective agreements have abided by the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value. This takes into consideration national condition and practice, as well as article 102 (3) of the labour proclamation. Hence, the principle of equal remuneration has been determined through the collective agreements. Year 1991 1999 2015 No of agreements % growth 50 100 136 100 36 F 3,550 6,957 8,609 No of Workers Total % of F % growth 10,450 34 20,850 33.5 99.5 23,124 37.1 11 Table: Registered collective agreements 219. Objective appraisal is also used to differentiate wages in conformity with the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value. Indeed, jobs or positions rely on the volume, complexity and difficulty of work and remuneration set accordingly. In accordance with article 102 (3) of the Labor Proclamation, job appraisal has thus been an inherent part of collective agreement. Employers and workers are thus entitled to evaluate the work performed at enterprise level. Overall, the employer may not deduct from the wages of an employee, except where it is provided otherwise by law or an express written agreement. 220. Social security is also guaranteed by law as well as in other pertinent proclamations and notably in the National Pension Scheme (Proclamation 135/2003) and the Public Sector Pension Scheme (Proclamation 136/2003). These social benefits are undoubtedly projected to address the main programs of the social security benefits, ranging from short term benefits such as severance pay and maternity leave, and the long term benefits like old age and disability. The National Pension Scheme Proclamation No. 136/2003 covers both public and private sectors. While provisions relevant to public servants have already been proclaimed in the Public Sector Scheme pursuant to the Proclamation no. 136/2003, a draft law to govern the private employees is left for further plan of action and guideline. The public sector is a contributory scheme which requires contribution of employer (government) and employee. Workers‟ Capacity and Upgrading 221. The Ministry of Labor and Human Welfare has continually worked to improve the employment services and operations. This is meant to provide people with the best possible job opportunities and upgrade their skills to participate actively and equitably in development. In this vein and as an attempt to build the human capacity at enterprise level, the Labor Proclamation 118/2001 provides a provision on the issue of a special contract. This is undertaken by an employer and apprentice to promote vocational training. Hence, in accordance to Article 33 of the Labor Proclamation, the special contract on apprenticeship has been enforced and monitored and at least included a vocational training that an Page 53 of 100