is significant, a lot more needs to be done at the other stages to fulfill the requirements of the established policy and regulation. The MOE is thus continuously working to address its multiple effects in terms of opportunity cost, the economics of education and aspects of educational planning management with implications to the fulfillment of rights. In general a table is provided to show the progress in both GER and NER during the reporting period. 1999 2015 GER T M 80 86 105 111 Elementary NER F T M 73 51 53 98 82 85 F 48 79 Middle Secondary GER NER GER NER T M F T M F T M F T M F 58 66 51 14 15 13 25 31 19 16 18 14 77 80 72 38 37 38 30 32 28 18 18 18 Table: GER and NER Comparison at all levels during the Reporting Period 169. Secondary education consisted of 3 years before 2003 but this was revised in tandem with the comprehensive curriculum review undertaken by the Ministry of Education. As a result, the duration was extended by one year to a total of four years. Within this revised programme, 12th Grade schooling for all High School students takes place at the Sawa High School (within the premise of Sawa Education and Training Center) for a number of cogent reasons. University entrance is predicated on students obtaining passing marks in the National High School Leaving Examinations. Hence, aggregating all students in one high school for their last secondary school year has created a level playing field and has ensured higher meritorious competition. It has also played a critical role in consolidating their harmony, social cohesion and experience sharing. 170. The right of students to acquire quality education at the appropriate level has also improved in particular at the elementary and middle level. The relevance of education in relation to the upbringing of a new generation imbued with the desired knowledge, skills, capacities and attitude has improved but much more needs to be done in terms of quality transformation. On the other hand, the effort to reduce wastage and efficiency in the school system is becoming more protracted and despite steady improvements there is a long way to go. Fulfilling the right of every citizen to quality education thus remains a priority. 171. In the above context, the Ministry of Education has continuously conducted revision of the curriculum, teaching methods and school organization and thereby ensures the quality of education. The achievement levels and attainment targets are being assessed and transformation of the monitoring system to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of the school system is taken as a priority. The overall effort has been to transform the teaching-learning process into a student centered approach and teacher management and school organization have thus been adapted to the ongoing change. In spite of the efforts and the huge investment made as well as the progress achieved, quality still remains a major challenge. More significant measures are, however, planned for the next 5 years and the zero wastage policy after the completion of secondary school education is implemented. Page 38 of 100