cases, his power of appointment is subject to consultation, as in the appointment of Ministers [Article 55(1)] and Justices of Appeal [Article 118(3)]. The President’s power to assent to bills passed by the legislature is subject, if he refuses to assent to them, to the power of the legislature to override it, under conditions stipulated in Article 97 of the Constitution. 348. The President and the Vice President are subject to impeachment and the Prime Minister to a vote of no confidence, under conditions provided for in Article 46A and Article50 (2)(g) respectively, and Article 53A in the Constitution. If a vote for impeachment or a vote of no confidence is passed, they must step down or resign from office. lll. Recommendations 349. The APR Panel recommends that the United Republic of Tanzania: • Provide the judiciary with ample resources, especially at the lower levels, to strengthen administrative and financial independence; [Ministry of Justice, Parliament] • Consider the establishment of Kahi Courts as another level in the national judicial system to cater for matters of personal law, notably divorce, inheritance and marriage, among the country’s Muslim population; [Ministry of Justice; Parliament, Judiciary] • Subject presidential appointments of cabinet members, Attorney-General, the Chief Justice, Judges of the Court of Appeal, Ambassadors and High Commissioners, Chairman and Members of the National Electoral Commission, the Chief Executive of the Bank of Tanzania and the Revenue Authority, among others, to confirmation by the legislature; [Parliament] and, • Consider amending the Constitution to provide for a Parliamentary Service Commission [Government, Parliament].   Objective Five: Ensure Accountable, Efficient and Effective Public Office-Holders and Civil Servants Summary of the CSAR 350. The CSAR outlines the comprehensive set of reforms adopted by Tanzania since the early 1990s with the objective of reversing the centralisation of government and expanding on programme commitments accumulated by government during the era of a socialist economy. Underpinning these reforms were a series of legislative and policy measures adopted over time to ensure accountability, efficiency and effectiveness in the country’s public service. 351. These reforms include: 352. • Establishment of autonomous executive agencies outside the regular civil service, with their own salary structure, such as the Business Name and Licensing Agent and the Registration, Insolvency and Trusteeship Agency; • Enactment of the Public Service Management and Employment Policy and the Public Service Act No. 8 of 2002 (amended in 2007), both of which are aimed at restoring the merit principle into the public service, with emphasis on open competition and diversity that avoid ethnic, gender, religious and regional discrimination in recruitment; and, • The enactment of the Medium Term Pay Policy, the 2001 Public Finance Act, the Public Procurement Act No. 21 of 2004, the Local Government Finance Act No. 9 of 1982 (as amended by the Miscellaneous Act No.6 of 1999, and various circulars) outlining regulations and procedures on budget and financial matters. The CSAR reports that a later phase of reforms adopted a variety of measures to improve on public service accountability through performance-based management, and citizens’ empowerment vis-à-vis bureaucrats. 83