(p) Capacity building of health care providers at all levels so as to equip them with the needed child and maternal nutrition skills and knowledge for provision of counselling, education and mentorship to mothers, child care takers, families and communities. (q) Conducting regular monitoring and evaluation of policies, guidelines and regulations aimed at improving nutrition status especially of women and children. (f) HIV/AIDS 154. The State Party complied with the foregoing Committee Observations by undertaking a number of policy, legislative and administrative measures. One of milestones recorded by the State Party during the period under report is the enactment of the HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act in 2008,184 which applies in Tanzania Mainland only. This law provides for the care and treatment of persons affected by or victims of HIV/AIDS; to provide support and promote public health in relation to HIV/AIDS; and to provide for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. In Zanzibar, the State Party has also, through the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, adopted the National HIV/AIDS Policy (2004), which strives to curb the pandemic in Zanzibar. It also sets out prevention and intervention strategies in respect of HIV/AIDS through the Zanzibar Aids Commission (ZAC). In order to give this policy force of law, the State Party has finished developing a Bill on HIV/AIDS which has already been consultatively discussed by stakeholders, respective parliamentary steering committees and the Principal Secretaries’ Committee; and it is due to be tabled before the Zanzibar House of Representatives in the next session. (i) Awareness of HIV/AIDS 155. In Tanzania, HIV/AIDS prevention programs focus messages and efforts on three important aspects of behaviour: using condoms, limiting the number of sexual partners (or staying faithful to one partner), and delaying sexual debut (abstinence) of the young and the never married. To ascertain whether programmes have effectively communicated at least two of these messages, respondents were prompted with specific questions about whether it is possible to reduce the chance of getting the AIDS virus by having just one faithful sexual partner and using a condom at every sexual encounter. There is widespread knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods. Nearly nine in ten respondents (87 percent of women and 90 percent of men) know that the chance of becoming infected with the AIDS virus is reduced by limiting sexual intercourse to one uninfected partner who has no other partners. Three-quarters of respondents (76 percent each of women and men) know that the chance of contracting HIV/AIDS is reduced by using condoms. 156. There are notable differences in knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention. Although age differentials are inconsistent, youth age 15-19 appear to have lower levels of knowledge than those in older age groups. Knowledge of HIV prevention methods is lowest among those who have never had sex. Levels of knowledge of preventive methods are higher in urban than in rural areas. In general, respondents in the Mainland are more likely than those in Zanzibar to be aware of various HIV prevention methods. For instance, 71 percent of men on the Mainland and 44 percent in Zanzibar are aware that both condom use and limiting sex to one partner reduces the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Variation by region is particularly striking. In Mainland, for example, 88 percent of women in Dodoma are aware of both methods of HIV/AIDS prevention compared with 50 percent of women in Mwanza. For men, knowledge of both methods ranges from 88 percent in Dodoma to 47 percent in Arusha (ii) Knowledge on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) 157. Increasing the level of general knowledge of HIV transmission from mother to child and reducing the risk of transmission using antiretroviral drugs (ARTs) is critical to reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding. To assess MTCT knowledge, respondents were asked if the virus that causes AIDS can be transmitted from a mother to a child through breastfeeding and whether a mother with HIV can reduce the risk of transmission to the baby by taking certain drugs during pregnancy. Data shows that, 89 percent of women and 81 percent of men know that HIV can be transmitted through breastfeeding. Somewhat fewer (75 percent of women and 67 percent of men) know that the risk of MTCT can be reduced through the use of ARTs during pregnancy. Seventy-two percent of women and 61 percent of men are aware that HIV can be transmitted through breastfeeding and that the 44