of cooperative societies, reinforced and built their capacity and conducted consecutive audits of their
accounts.
FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, RIGHT OF ASYLUM, AND PROHIBITION OF
MASS EXPULSION (Article 12)
Constitutional Guarantee
Freedom of movement and the right to choose one‟s residence is guaranteed under the Constitution
and subsidiary legislation. The Constitution (Article 32) stipulates that any Ethiopian or foreign
national lawfully in Ethiopia has, within the national territory, the freedom of movement and
freedom to choose his residence, as well as the freedom to leave the country at any time he wishes
to. This is a clear departure from previous laws which demanded Ethiopians to obtain an exit visa
from the government when leaving the country. All Ethiopian nationals have the constitutional right
to leave the country and to return back. A person may only be prevented from leaving the country
by an explicit court order given in accordance with the law. Special laws such as refugee and
immigration laws have been enacted for the full enjoyment and implementation of this right.
With regard to minors, the law states that the guardian shall fix the place where a minor is to reside.
The minor may not abandon such place without the authorization of the guardian, if he does so, the
guardian may compel him to return.
Policy measures
The Policy on Democratic System Building and the other Policies and Strategies provide the basis to
promote freedom of movement and right of refugees to seek asylum and protection from mass
deportation.
Legislative Measures
The Nationality law of Ethiopia Proclamation No. 378/2003, Immigration Proclamation No.
354/2003, the Council of Ministers Regulations on Immigration 114/2004 The Criminal Law
Proclamation No. 414/2004, the Employer and Employee Service Agency Proclamation
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