Institutional Measures In order to respect, protection and progressively realize the fulfillment of right to adequate housing Ministry and Regional Bureaus of Urban Development and Construction; Offices of Housing Development and Government Houses Agency have been established.33 Administrative Measures In order to ensure equitable and non-discriminatory access, acquisition, ownership, inheritance and control of land and housing, especially by women and members of low income groups, different steps have been taken. Federal and rural land laws provide that priority has to be given to peasant farmers/semi pastoralists and pastoralists.34 Peasant farmers/pastoralists engaged in agriculture for a living shall be given rural land free of charge; any citizen of the country who is 18 years of age or above and wants to engage in agriculture for a living shall have the right to use rural land; children who lost their mothers and fathers due to death or other situation shall have the right to use rural land through legal guardians until they attain 18 years of age; women who want to engage in agriculture shall have the right to get and use rural land.35 In order to protect the rural land holder rights from infringement any person granted rural land shall be given the land holding certificate in which the details of the land is registered by the Authority prepared by his name and his photograph fixed thereon. The holding certification is a legal certificate of the holder.36Land certificates have been issued for 1.18 million households and this has increased the number of households who own land certificates to 2.96 million. In addition, about 110 thousand households have been given land ownership certificate.37 The government of Ethiopia works towards ensuring that suitable and adequate shelter is provided for all citizens especially in urban areas where the problem of homelessness is most evident. In addition to providing plots of land to narrow the imbalance between supply and demand for housing, the Government has issued Condominium Proclamation38 and the Urban Lands Lease Holding Proclamation No. 721/2011. The GTP defines the strategic guideline: to construct houses that are affordable for urban dwellers who lack means but wish to be house-owners; sell them to the public on a long-term credit basis; and to replace old houses and renovate surrounding areas. Ethiopian national human right action plan Article 5(4), Proclamation 456/2005 35Article 5(1) and(2), Proclamation 456/2005 36 See Amhara National Regional State Zikre Hig-No.18 May 29, 2006 37 GTP report 2012/13 p. 36 38Proclamation No. 370/2003 33 34 74