(Proclamation No. 632/2001), National Refugee law (Proclamation 409/2004) form part of the domestic legislations on freedom of movement and the right of abode in Ethiopia. In pursuance of the freedom movement, all Ethiopians can obtain ordinary passport up on request. Moreover, the government issues visas to all foreigners in accordance with the Regulation, the nonexistence of conditions warranting refusal as provided under the law. Ethiopian Embassies and Consular Posts abroad issue visas in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation and directives issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Any foreigner who wants to enter into Ethiopia shall possess: - a valid travel document; a valid entry visa or a valid permanent residence permit or an identity card issued by the Ministry under the applicable laws. An entry visa may be denied or canceled if the applicant or the holder: - has no visible means of support or is likely to become a public burden; is found to be a notorious criminal; has been declared to be a drug addict; has been suspected of suffering from a dangerous contagious disease; has been found to be a threat to the security of Ethiopia; has furnished fraudulent information; or has violated the applicable law. The Civil Code provides that every person is free to establish his residence wherever it is suitable for him and to change the place of such residence. The Criminal Code provides that whoever, not being authorized by law so to do, prevents another from moving freely within the territory of Ethiopia shall be punished with simple imprisonment or a fine. A person commits a fault where, without due legal authority, he interferes with the liberty of another person, even for a short time, and prevents him from moving about as he/she is entitled to. In such a case, a fault shall be deemed to have been committed notwithstanding that no injury is done to the plaintiff. It shall be sufficient for the plaintiff to have been compelled to behave in a certain manner by the threat of a danger of which he could not be aware. The Revised Family Law stipulates that spouses should jointly decide their common residence. The law empowers women to decide on the common residence with their spouse. The spouses may agree to live separately for a definite or indefinite period of time. Administrative Measures The immigration and nationality affairs department issues passport to all Ethiopians. The department is tasked with the administration and management of immigration matters. The Department ascertains that foreign nationals, before entering to Ethiopia, possess a valid travel document, properly issued visa or permanent resident permit, an internationally valid health 67

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