Chapter Five Family Environment and Alternative Care Articles ) 20)(1-20)(3,2-19)(25)(25- b 2)(3-18)(24)(16)(27) of the Charter Parental Care; Parental Responsibilities; Separation of Child from Parents; Family Reunion; Maintenance and Qualification of Child; Adoption; Abuse, Exploitation, Neglect, Psychotherapy and Social Integration        Official agencies of social welfare and NGOs are exerting relentless efforts to enact all Charter’s article related to family environment and alternative care out of their deep belief that it is a right of the child to live and grow in a caring and protective family regardless of the surrounding circumstances. Nevertheless, there are many challenges that faced the programs and activities aiming at achieving targeted objectives. Such challenges include armed conflicts and natural disasters that produced massive population movements and displacement of families and communities. This in turn has its direct and indirect impact on children, especially children who were forced to be separated from their families. The National Interim Constitution of the Republic of the Sudan, 2005, the Constitution of Southern Sudan and all state constitutions consider family as the basis of society. Article 5-2-f of the Child Act, 2010 stipulates that parents are responsible for the upbringing of children and the state shall endeavor to provide appropriate assistance to families in this regard. The same Article maintains that the natural family made up of two parents is the ideal environment for the upbringing of children; thus parents bear the prime responsibility of upbringing of children. Article 25-1 of the Child Act, 2010 provided for alternative care for children who face difficult family conditions that prevent their upbringing in natural families. Such children may be referred to their first degree relatives, alternative families according to Sharia law provisions for Muslims or adoption according family affairs law for non-Muslims. Article 26 of the Child Act, 2010 stipulates that the Ministry of Social Affairs shall provide homes for children deprived of family care. Regulations issued in accordance with the provisions of this Act shall stipulate functions, competencies and organizations of such homes. Article 27 of the Child Act, 2010 stipulates that the Ministry of the Interior shall provide homes for delinquent children. Regulations issued in accordance with the provisions of this Act shall stipulate functions, competencies and organizations of such homes. Alternative family care system provides social, psychological and health care for children deprived of natural family care. There are certain regulations, 30