of service. It states: “in the exercise of their functions, judges at all times do it in accordance with the law and are independent from any power or authority. The code of conduct integrity of Judges is determined by specific laws. The judiciary has its financial and administrative autonomy. The constitution further guarantees personal independence of the judicial personnel as one of the cardinal principles Challenges to the implementation of the Charter 179. Rwanda continues to face the problem of population pressures due to population density that is so high despite constant efforts on reducing such pressures on land. 180. Despite guaranteed 12 year free education, school drop‐out rates have remained a challenge due to Social, economic and cultural pressures that frustrate the program. 181. The informal sector remains underdeveloped and as a result this has led to unemployment. Due to the scattered nature and literacy levels of the citizens, dissemination of the human rights instruments the ACHPR both within the justice sector and the entire population remains a challenge. 182. Furthermore, budget constraints to main line ministries and agencies responsible for the promotion of security, socio-economic welfare and poverty eradication programs and projects presents another important challenge in the effective implementation of most of the provisions of the economic, social, cultural, environmental and developmental rights guaranteed under the Charter. Conclusion 183. This report presents progress made in terms of implementing the ACHPR since 2009 when Rwanda submitted its periodic report on the Charter. Rwanda fully understands and owns its national obligation to report and highlight implementation status of the charter not only as an opportunity for self evaluation but also for purposes of sharing both its success and weaknesses with the rest of Member States. Page 63 of 105