40 Part III: Social and Cultural Rights First: Right to Health and Health Care Health Law no "106" for 1973 in Article 1 provided for "Health and medical care as an established right of citizens that the State undertakes to provide". Article (50) of the same Law cites that: "Medical treatment and its affiliates in hospitals, sanatoriums and treatment units, with their different types and names that the State creates, shall be an established right of every citizen and all are on an equal footing". Within the framework of making these articles functional, major accomplishments of the Great Jamhirya in the area of health had materialized over the past decades as reflected in higher average life expectancy of 72 years for both sexes, while maternal mortality rates were brought down to 23 deaths for every 100,000 live births, and infant mortality rates to 17.6 deaths for every 1000 live births, and under-five children to 20.1 deaths for every 1000 live births. Along this line, the Jamhirya is steadily heading towards the achievement of the Millennium Health Goals, having become free of contagious diseases (such as small pox, polio, tetanus, leprosy, cholera and yellow fever). The Jamhirya is among the leading candidate countries to be declared free of measles. Concerning health resources: • There are 10,414 doctors, 3,169 dentists, and 1049 pharmacists, along with 38,387 nursing staff and 16075 health technicians, thus achieving the indicator of 19 doctors, 68 nurses, 6 dentists and two pharmacists operating in public utilities for every 10,000 citizens. • The Medical Specialization Board is a substantial source for providing doctors and assistant specialists where 5180 trainees in 12 fields of specialization are trained by 593 trainers. This