respect for morals. Shall be considered an act of public indecency any intentional act contrary to public morals carried out publicly and in a private location within public view, likely to offend decency and the moral feeling of people who happen to be involuntary bystanders. That is the reason why Article 410 of the Criminal Code penalises anyone who commits public indecency with imprisonment of between two months and two years and a fine of between 50.000 and 600.000 francs. II. Duties towards the State and local authorities 287. In the first place, the citizens must respect the law and try, through civic attitude, to cause it to be respected. Furthermore, the citizens, depending on their abilities through their tax contributions, must participate in financing the costs borne by the State for the benefit of the national community shared among all the citizens. 288. The citizens must also participate in the defence of the country, in wartime, but also in peace time. They must, in accordance with Article 10 of the Constitution, defend the fatherland and territorial integrity from any violation. 289. Moreover, individuals must avoid causing harm to public property or Republican institutions. Thus, insurrection movements and acts of tax avoidance by every citizen are prohibited. According to Article 166 of the Constitution: “Treason against the State and breach of the Constitution are treasonable crimes against the people”. Article 167 stipulates that the source of any legitimacy derives from this Constitution. Consequently, any power which does not emanate from this Constitution, particularly power usurped through a coup d’Etat or a military putsch is illegal. In this case, the right to civil disobedience is guaranteed for all citizens. Similarly, Article 168 states that the burkinabè people prohibit any idea of personal power. It also proscribes any oppression of a fraction of the people by another fraction. Every individual must contribute in whatever way towards the edification of the nation, towards the sustainable development of the country. 290. Finally, any person has the duty to protect and promote the environment. The protection, the defence and the promotion of the environment are a duty for all. Consequently, “Any person who produces or keeps urban waste under conditions likely to cause harm to the health of public safety or the environment in general is required to ensure its removal ….” (Article 29 of the Constitution and Article 32 of the Environmental Code). The participation of individuals in the promotion of the environment is manifested practically by individual and collective actions towards sanitation and improvement in the quality of life as well as reforestation. 291. In spite of these provisions, in recent years, there has been an increase in tax evasion in Burkina Faso, reflecting particularly in the general trend of citizens ignoring their duties towards the State, the community or towards other citizens. These practices of tax avoidance relate to all sections of the society, though they are more rampant in the urban centres than in the rural areas. The resurgence of tax evasion which cropped up during the socio-political crises faced by the country, particularly in the first half of 2011 confirms this overall observation. 292. In a bid to bring together the objective conditions for responsible citizenship through awareness raising, information and training, the Government adopted a national human rights policy and civic promotion in April 2013 and organised a national forum on civic responsibility on 30 and 31 May 2013 with the idea that the implementation and success of the policy calls for synergy of actions by all stakeholders. 71