The   BoG   in   November   2007   announced   the   policy   of   increasing   the   minimum   capital   requirement   of   banks.   The   policy   required   banks   and   deposit   taking   non-­‐bank   financial   institutions  to  submit  capitalization  plans  by  the  end  of  June  2008  towards  a  minimum  capital   of  GH¢60  million  for  universal  banks  from  the  current  GH  ¢7  million.  To  cushion  local  banks,  the   BoG  has  advised  banks  with  local  majority  share  ownership  to  attain  a  capitalization  of  GH¢25   million  by  the  end  of  2010  and  GH¢60  million  by  2012.  The  policy  is  expected  to  enable  banks   to  take  part  in  bigger  transactions,  compete  internationally  and  to  support  the  country’s  drive   for  accelerated  economic  growth.   The   BoG   in   collaboration   with   the   Association   of   Bankers   introduced   the   National   Switch   (E-­‐ zwich)   and   the   Biometric   Smartcard   (e-­‐zwich   smartcard)   as   part   of   the   GIPSS   project.   The     E-­‐ zwich   is   not   only   a   brand   name     for   a   secured   common   platform   that   links   payment   systems   of   all  banks,  savings  an  loans  institutions  and  rural  banks  but  also  a  vehicle  for  financial  institutions   to  deliver  financial  products  to  the  banking  and  non-­‐banking  public.  The  card  according  to  the   BoG   will   serve   as   a   vehicle   to   transform   Ghana   from   a   predominantly   cash   economy   to   an   economy  dominated  by  electronic  transactions  using  modern  state  of  the  art  technology.  The   smartcard  can  also  be  used  for:     • payment   of   wages   to   workers   on   government   payroll.   Because   of   the   biometric   identification  system,  ghost  workers  on  the  public  payroll  would  be  eliminated;   • payment  of  pensions;   • spending  on  goods  in  merchant  outlets  with  VAT  credited  directly  to  Government;   • payment  of  utility  bills;   • transferring   funds   to   third   parties;   (Individuals,   Merchants,   Employees,   Cocoa   farmers,   Pensioners,  Revenue  Agencies,  etc);   • receiving  funds  from  third  parties  from  within  or  out  of  the  country;   • withdrawing  cash  from  any  ATM  in  the  country.   72    

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