• • • •   • Central   Government   Institutions   comprising   the   Central   Management   Agencies,   Ministries  and  Regional  Co-­‐ordinating  Councils   Educational  Institutions  covering  the  Tertiary  Institutions,  Colleges  and  Schools   Local   Government   entities   made   up   of   the   Metropolitan,   Municipal   and   District   Assemblies   Health   institutions   consisting   of   Hospitals,   Ghana   Health   Service   and   other   Health   Institutions   Financial  Institutions  composed  of  Bank  of  Ghana  and  other  Public  Financial  Institutions.   Results  of  the  assessment  indicated  that  92.5%  of  organizations  recorded  for  advertisement  of   tender   opportunities   out   of   the   515   entities.   There   was   an   improvement   of   95.17%   from   26   high  spending  entities.  On  the  publication  of  awards  the  number  rose  from  15.76%  in  2006  to   71.10%  in  2007   for   the   515   entities   assessed,   and   85.74%   for   the   26   high   spending   entities.   On   the   method   of   procurement,   the   indicator   assesses   the   appropriateness   of   the   use   of   the   various  methods  of  procurement  and  a  breakdown  of  the  515  entities  as  indicated  in  the  table   below:   Table  3.2  Method  of  Procurement  Employed  by  Entities       Method  of  Procurement   Single  Sourcing   International  Competitive  Tendering  (ICT   Price  Quotation   Restricted  Tendering   National  Competitive  Tendering  (NCT)       Low   Spending   High   Spending   Entities  (%)   Entities  (%)   8.58   2.29   0.51   5.50   66.00   43.12   2.18   7.34   22.72   41.74   Source:  Public  Procurement  Authority,  2008   The   above   breakdown   shows   that   the   predominant   method   of   procurement   implemented   by   the  entities  was  price  quotation  whilst  the  employment  of  single  sourcing  is  very  minimal.  Thus   procurements  methods  employed  are  largely  on  competitive  basis.   Tender  processing  lead  time  in  2006  was  an  average  of  50  days  (approximately  two  months).  In   2007,  it  reduced  to  7  days  on  average,  whilst  an  average  of  27  days  was  recorded  for  the  high   spending  entities.   To   make   the   process   of   procurement   simpler   for   agencies   the   PPA   has   introduced   a   concept   to   encourage  Department  and  Agencies  to  form  clusters  to  procure  goods  and  service  in  order  to   reduce  cost  and  get  the  best  deals.   53