The Africa Governance Report Figure 1: Overview of Africa Governance Performance SOURCE: Analysing Africa Governance Performance: APRM Perspectives. 3.5 Challenges in Transformative Leadership In summary, there are positive signs as African leaders are declaring National Visions and formulating innovative programmes. However, there are still shortcomings that need to be addressed: the existence of discriminatory laws, exclusion of minority groups, inadequate mechanisms for public participation, inadequate freedom of association and of the media and the absence of anti-corruption strategies. 3.6 Recommendations on Transformative Leadership A significant number of countries have developed National Visions. Those that have not should be encouraged to do so. AU Member states should endeavour to: 1. Align their National Visions with the AU Agenda 2063 and the UN SDGs. Specifically: a. The AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1 (A prosperous Africa, based on inclusive growth and sustainable development) and Aspiration 6 (An Africa whose development is people driven, relying on the potential offered by people, especially its women and youth, and caring for children). b. The UN SDG 5 (Gender equality), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 7 (affordable and clean energy), UN SDGs 11-15 (sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land). 2. End all forms of discrimination and exclusion. 3. Promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance. Page 36 of 96