The Africa Governance Report 3.3 Characteristics of African Transformative Leadership The picture is mixed regarding the types of African leadership and styles of government. However, some generalizations can be made from the answers to the questions on transformative leadership. The table below summarises the answers obtained through desk research, for each of the ten questions. Table 1: Characteristics of Transformative Leadership in Africa Q Question No. 1 Countries with National Vision statements 2 Countries whose National Visions are aligned with the AU Agenda 20634073 3 Countries whose National Visions are aligned with the UN 2030 Agenda for SDGs (SDGs)4073 4 Countries that have initiated or implemented innovative programmes over the last 20 years41 5 Countries with official programmes that include minority groups28 6 Countries with official programmes targeted at women38 69 7 Countries with official programmes targeting the youth41 75 8 Governments that have discriminatory laws 4073 75 51 35 9Countries that have mechanisms for public participation 10Countries with an official strategy to deal with corruption31 % 64 3055 56 Sources: ACBF. Africa Capacity Indicators, Africa Capacity Report, AU Member States’ official websites (2015, 2017). 3.3.1 National Vision Statements, AU Agenda 2063 and UN SDGs A significant number of AU Member States have National Vision statements that appear to align with the AU Agenda 2063 and UN 2030 Agenda for SDGs (SDGs). Also, most countries have programmes targeting the youth and women. However, a closer examination of National Visions indicates that although the majority aim to align with AU Agenda 2063 and UN 2030 Agenda for SDGs, the degree of alignment differs. There is poor alignment, especially since the following aspirations and/or goals are not highlighted or specifically mentioned in National Visions: a. The AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1 (A prosperous Africa, based on inclusive growth and sustainable development) and Aspiration 6 (An Africa whose development is people driven, relying on the potential offered by people, especially its women and youth and caring for children) are not particularly focused on. b. The UN SDG 5 (Gender equality), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 7 (affordable and clean energy), and SDGs 11-15 (sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land) do not feature prominently in the National Visions of many countries. 3.3.2 Innovativeness Examination of data on innovativeness shows that the implementation of innovative programmes and projects is often supported by foreign aid, international organisations and/or donor organisations. This raises the question whether these are sustainable. However, some countries have established innovative platforms for youth, women and aspiring entrepreneurs. 3.3.3 People-centredness Page 34 of 96