The Africa Governance Report 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 Assessing Peace and Security The Causes of Conflict in Africa Africa’s Conflict Zones Trends of African Conflict and Instability Achievements in Peace, Security and Governance Challenges to Peace, Security and Governance in Africa Recommendations for Peace, Security and Governance 58 58 59 60 61 62 63 CHAPTER 6: THE NEXUS BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND GOVERNANCE 6.1 Introduction 6.2 National Development Plans: The Interface Between Governance and Development 6.3 Some Development Challenges 6.4 Recommendations for Development and Governance 67 67 67 70 77 CHAPTER 7: ROLE OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES (RECs) IN AFRICAN GOVERNANCE 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Continental Role of RECs 7.3 African Union Instruments on RECs 7.4 The Relationship between RECs and Governance 7.5 Assessing the Role of RECs in Governance 7.6 Observations on the Relationships between the AU and RECs 7.7 Regional Integration and AU Agenda 2063 81 81 81 81 82 83 83 84 REFERENCES 86 ANNEXES ANNEX 1: Highlights of The Interrelationships of The Global UN and OAU/AU Principles, Purposes and Objectives. ANNEX 2: Development Periods and Their Principal Focus ANNEX 3: The Eight Regional Economic Communities Recognised by the African Union ANNEX 4: Consultation List, June-December 2018 89 List of Tables Table 1: Characteristics of Transformative Leadership in Africa Table 2: Status of AU Instruments Relating to Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law (September 2018) Table 3: Status of Submission of Periodic Reports Relevant to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (August 2018) Table 4: Status of AU Peace and Security Instruments (September 2018) Table 5: Africa’s Mineral Endowments List of Figures Figure 1: Overview of Africa Governance Performance Figure 2: Percentage Of Countries With NDPs And Distribution Of Growth Levels By Region Figure 3: Poverty Headcount Ratios at National Poverty Lines by Region Figure 4: Average Human Development Index by regions Figure 5: Illicit Financial Flow Trends, 2004 to 2013 (USD) Figure 6: Net ODA as a percentage of government expenditure by region 89 91 94 95 34 42 47 58 71 36 68 69 70 73 74

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