Source:www.togoreforme.com/boost (MESR Administrative and Financial Affairs Directorate). NB: The current status of government grants to Togolese public universities takes into account the amounts budgeted in the initial Financial Apprpriations. In addition to investment and transfer credits, the government also provides huge sums of money to students in the form of scholarships and allowances. 345. There are several private institutions of higher education namely, the Catholic University of West Africa (UCAO), the University of Management, Informatics and Sciences (Ecole supérieur de gestion d’informatique et des sciences (ESGIS), FORMATEC, African Institute of Business Administration (Institut africain d’administration d’études commerciales (IAEC)), DEFITECH, Institute for Advanced Studies in International and Strategic relations (Institut des hautes études des relations internationales et stratégique (IHERIS), ELATSA, Carrefour informatique et bureautique Institut nationale des technologies appliquées (National Institute of Applied Technology (CIB INTA)), Centre informatique de formation et d’orientation professionnelle (CIFOP) (Computer Training and Career Guidance Centre) etc, which train students for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND), Vocational Training Certificates, BT, professional bachelors. The only thing left is to better organise and monitor them for effective output. 344. Moreover, during the Presidential Council on the Future of Higher Education and Research in Lomé, Togo from 18 to 30 November, 2013 the following recommendations were made in respect of private higher education: - Develop and disseminate the enactments concerning monitoring and evaluation of private tertiary education; - Create a directorate of higher education and research within the Ministry of Higher Education and Research and set up a coordinating structure for Private Higher Education Institutions (IES); - Establish a State support mechanism for the IES through:  Placement of students on scholarships in private higher education institutions;  Subsidising targeted courses;  Waiving custom duties on educational and research materials g) The right to culture 106