(d) to jointly develop and adopt water resources conservation and management policies that ensure sustenance and preservation of ecosystems. ARTICLE 112 Management of the Environment 1. For purposes of Article 111 of this Treaty, the Partner States undertake to co-operate in the management of the environment and agree to: 2. to: (a) develop a common environmental management policy that would sustain the eco-systems of the Partner States, prevent, arrest and reverse the effects of environmental degradation; (b) develop special environmental management strategies to manage fragile ecosystems, terrestrial and marine resources, noxious emissions and toxic and hazardous chemicals; (c) take measures to control trans-boundary air, land and water pollution arising from developmental activities; (d) take necessary disaster preparedness, management, protection and mitigation measures especially for the control of natural and manmade disasters. These include oil spills, bio-hazards, floods, earthquakes, marine accidents, drought and bush fires; and (e) integrate environmental management and conservation measures in all developmental activities such as trade, transport, agriculture, industrial development, mining and tourism in the Community. For purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article, the Partner States undertake (a) adopt common environment control regulations, incentives and standards; (b) develop capabilities and measures to undertake environmental impact assessment of all development project activities and programmes; (c) encourage the manufacture and use of bio-degradable pesticides, herbicides and packaging materials; 85