APRM • SECOND COUNTRY REVIEW REPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. THE APRM PROCESS 1.1 Implementation of the APRM Process in Kenya 1.1 Kenya is one of the pioneer countries to accede to the APRM at its inception in 2003. It is also among the first three countries to start the review process. Kenya was peer reviewed by the APR Forum at its meeting held in Banjul, The Gambia, in June 2006, thus becoming the third country to complete the process. 1.2 The 2006 APRM Kenya CRR had a significant impact on the articulation of Agenda 4 issues in the National Accord and Reconciliation Agreement (NARA) of 2008, which was brokered following the 2007/2008 post-election crisis the AU Panel of Eminent African Personalities, under the leadership of the former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN), Mr Kofi Annan. The AU Panel also included former president Benjamin Mkapa of Tanzania and Dr Graça Machel who was the Lead Panellist for the 2006 Kenya review. Dr Machel ably used her intimate knowledge of the CRR to ensure that the APRM findings were part and parcel of the reconciliation agreement. 1.3 The Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation (KNDR) framework, which formed the basis for NARA, identified four main agenda items for the purpose of ending the crisis. These four areas were critical in terms of addressing the causes of the crisis, reconciling communities and preventing future conflicts in the country. These four agenda items are: i) Agenda 1: Immediate action to stop violence and restore fundamental rights and liberties; ii) Agenda 2: Immediate measures to address the humanitarian crisis, and promote reconciliation and healing; iii) Agenda 3: How to overcome the political crisis; and iv) Agenda 4: Address longstanding issues, including constitutional, legal and institutional reforms; land reforms; youth unemployment; poverty; inequity and regional development imbalances; consolidating national unity and cohesion; and addressing impunity, transparency and accountability. To implement NARA, numerous reform measures were thereafter introduced. 1.4 Kenya is the first APRM Member State to pioneer the second review process after its base review in 2006 and the aborted Special Review of 2011, which was commissioned by the APR Forum following the 2007 post-election violence. 1.5 In August 2016, Kenya submitted a 872-page second Self-Assessment Report to the APRM Secretariat. The self-assessment used four research methods to obtain data, namely desk research, expert panel surveys, a national household survey, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Activities related to the first two methodologies were carried out by the African Centre for Economic Growth, while the National Household Survey was carried out by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) and the FGDs were carried out by the APRM Kenya Secretariat and the Ministry of Devolution and Planning. | 31 |