ACERWC African Committee of Experts on the Rights & Welfare of the Child between Eritrea and Sudan; and others fly directly from Addis Ababa to Khartoum.314 Children moving from Eritrea reach Khartoum through Massawa.315 Asmara/Massawa route to Khartoum is said to be dangerous because of kidnappings that take place close to the border with 30-50 kidnappings happening every month.316 Once the children get to Sudan, they get to Libya through Darfur, or through Dongola in Northern Sudan or the route through chad.317 After Libya they use the Central Mediterranean route to Europe. As at 2015, a significant number of people in mixed migration situation using the Central Mediterranean route came from Horn of Africa with Eritrea contributing 27 per cent (39, 162), Somalia 8 per cent (12, 433) and Sudan 6 per cent (9, 000).318 2015 witnessed an increase of nearly 400 per increase over 2014 in relation to the number of migrants (154, 000).319 According to the IOM, in 2016, more than 100, 000 migrant and refugee children reached Europe by mainly using the Central Mediterranean route and to a lesser degree the Eastern Mediterranean route. Over two thirds of the children were ‘unaccompanied or separated children at high risk of exploitation.’320 Map 2: Horn of Africa into the Gulf The number of overall people in mixed migration situation using the Central Mediterranean route increased, and so has the proportion of the children using the route. According to UNICEF, of the children moving on the Central Mediterranean route to Italy in 2015, “unaccompanied and separated children made up 75 per cent of all children arriving in Italy by sea; this proportion rose 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 As above. As above. Altai Consulting/UNHCR, Mixed Migration: Libya at the Crossroads. Mapping of Migration Routes and Drivers of Migration in Post-revolution Libya (2013) p 33. Marchand (n 312 above) p 24. RMMS (n 272 above) p 20. As above. International Organization for Migration, Child Protection on Eastern and Central Mediterranean Migration Routes Focus of Ljubljana Conference <https://www.iom.int/news/child-protection-eastern-and-central -mediterranean-migration-routes-focus-ljubljana-conference> accessed on 28 March 2018. 60