CHILDREN ON THE MOVE TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.1.4 The Southern Route................................................................................ 63 4.2 Routes Through the West and Central Africa Into North Africa............................................................................ 64 4.3 The West Africa Route............................................................................ 68 CHAPTER 5 CHALLENGES FACED BY CHILDREN ON THE MOVE IN AFRICA.......................................... 70 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 Discrimination.......................................................................................... 70 Loss of Identity, Name and Nationality.................................................... 70 Lack of Access to Education and Economic Opportunities........................................................................................... 72 Child Labor.............................................................................................. 73 Child Abuse and Torture............................................................................74 Sexual Exploitation.................................................................................. 75 Trafficking, Smuggling and Exploitation.................................................... 75 Deprivation of Liberty, Arbitrary Detention and Forced Deportation.................................................................................. 77 Lack of Access to Health and Health Services........................................ 79 Limited Access to Justice........................................................................ 80 Neglect and Violence............................................................................... 81 Violation of the Right to a Family, Parental Care and Protection......................................................................................... 82 Drug Abuse.............................................................................................. 83 Radicalization and Violent Extremism...................................................... 84 Inaccessibility of Sexual Reproductive Health Services................................................................................................... 84 CHAPTER 6 THE POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT PROTECTING CHILDREN ON THE MOVE.................... 86 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Legal and Institutional Challenges...........................................................86 Lack of Regional Coordination may Result in Additional Abuses....................................................................................87 Lack of Documentation, Data and Statistics of Children on the Move..............................................................................88 Policy Blind-Spots....................................................................................89 CHAPTER 7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................... 91 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Policy and other Measures by Member States....................................... 91 Reporting................................................................................................. 92 Coordination............................................................................................ 92 Data......................................................................................................... 92 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION.............................................................93 References......................................................................................94

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