Mapping Children on the Move within Africa and even trafficking as they are seen as an economic commodity.408 Several local and regional organisations have called for stricter regulations to be introduced in this respect. 5.6 Sexual Exploitation Children are subject to abuse including in areas where they are supposed to be protected. In 2007, a survey conducted by the charity organization World Vision estimated that 1.4 million children displaced by conflict in the Great Lakes region have experienced some form of sexual abuse.409 In the years that followed, several reports, including by the United Nations, showed how different groups, including UN peacekeepers have engaged in sexual activities involving minors (see Figure 9). 410 As displacements take place, displaced children can also be a target of predatory behavior. Indeed, scarce resources for displaced populations, including children, may result in “commercial and exploitative sex as a means of income generation to meet basic needs”.411 The lack of support systems for children have also been weakened by conflict resulting in children being more vulnerable to sexual predators. Source: United Nations Data 412 5.7 Trafficking, smuggling and Exploitation Trafficking, smuggling and exploitation in its different forms are common occurrences. The situation is worse for unaccompanied children who may face multiple risks during movement. For example, in the case of smuggling the children are at the mercy of the smuggler or they may be kidnapped and subjected to violation of their rights. Kidnapped children as pointed out earlier may face the risk of sexual exploitation or being subjected to modern day slavery. Surveys conducted on experiences of children travelling in North Africa indicates that 8 of 10 408 409 410 411 412 ENDA Not dated. Migrations, confiage et trafic d’enfants en Afrique de l’Ouest. http://www.endatiersmonde.org/eja/bur-int/docs/jeuda_106.doc IRIN News. Child Sexual Abuse Widespread in camps. 27 February 2007. Last accessed: 29 May 2018. http://www.irinnews.org/report/70426/great-lakes-%E2%80%98childsexual-abuse-widespread-camps%E2%80%99 Allegations included peace keepers in the DRC (MONUSCO) - and the CAR Limo, I. 2016. Prevention of and Response to Conflict related sexual Violence, Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeepers in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. ACCORD Conflict Trends, 2016/1. Last accessed: 2 June 2018. http://www.accord.org.za/conflict-trends/prevention-response-conflictrelated-sexual-violence-exploitation-abuse-peacekeepers-great-lakes-region-africa/ UN. Conduct in UN Field Missions. https://conduct.unmissions.org/table-of-allegations 75