Mapping Children on the Move within Africa and Southern Africa.193 Most events are reported to have taken place in Libya (92%), Sudan (1.3%) and other west and North African countries.194 UNICEF underscores that the main aim of trafficking is exploitation in terms of child labour or sexual exploitation.195 Boys are often trafficked for forced labour and to a limited degree, male victims are trafficked for sexual exploitation or other forms of exploitation such as begging.196 Girls are trafficked for sexual exploitation and domestic work. Generally, poor people and children with low levels of education are most likely to be victims of trafficking due to lack of access to information or illiteracy. Lack of information and illiteracy renders them vulnerable to false promises of traffickers, which range from jobs in foreign countries, nannies in Europe or waiters in hotels,197 and elsewhere within the African Continent. Children are particularly at risk, and powerless when it comes to trafficking.198 Persons who perpetrate child trafficking come from various walks of life such as businessmen and women, peers to the children and relatives.199 Child traffickers often take advantage of the vulnerable circumstances of children as well as their families, and project themselves as most helpful persons thus appealing to both parents and children by promising better conditions of life.200 Child trafficking is highly prevalent in Africa, however it seems that it is more pronounced in certain parts of the continent compared to others.201 For instance, child trafficking is more pronounced in West Africa than in Southern Africa. However, UNDOC notes that scarcity of data does not allow a conclusive analyses for sub-regional patterns.202 The data available in respect to age profiles indicates that various African countries detect more child victims (64 per cent) than adults which has been a consistent trend since UNDOC started collecting data in 2003.203 Data collected on child victims also shows that, frequently boys are more detected compared to girls.204 This is attributed to the prevalent forms of exploitation in most African countries, which include child trafficking for forced labour and child soldiers.205 Ethiopia is a country of origin, transit and destination for children who are subjected to forced labour and sex trafficking within the country and abroad.206 Equally Kenya is country of origin, transit and destination for children who are subjected to sex trafficking and forced labour although due to nature of trafficking, data on the exact number of victims is limited. Information available points to the fact that in Kenya human trafficking is estimated to have a black market value of 40 million USD.207 Also according to some researchers approximately 20,000 children are trafficked 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2017. Flow Monitoring Surveys: The Human Trafficking and Other Exploitative Practices Indication Survey. P3 As above. As above p 14. UNODC 2016 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons p 24. UNICEF 2017 (n 166 above) p 2. As above. W Njuguna, Child Trafficking in Eastern Africa Region: A Regional Effort to Protect the Vulnerable Presented to the Senior Officials Meeting On Migration, Mobility And Employment Brussels, Belgium 15 – 17 September, 2010 p 6. As above. UNODC 2016 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons p 112. As above. UNODC (n 201 above) p 25. UNODC (n 201 above) p 112. As above. As above. IOM, Migration in Kenya: A Country Profile 2015 p 27. 47