CHILDREN ON THE MOVE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of abbreviation and acronyms.....................................................1
Preface..............................................................................................2
Executive Summary...........................................................................4
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...........................................................9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.5
Definitions................................................................................................. 9
Scope and Framework..............................................................................11
Objectives of the Study............................................................................12
Methodology............................................................................................13
Research Design.......................................................................................13
Research Tools..........................................................................................14
Interview with Key Informants.................................................................14
Desktop Research....................................................................................14
Study Limitation........................................................................................15
CHAPTER 2 NORMATIVE AND
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK......................................................16
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Cardinal principle on children rights...........................................................16
Non-Discrimination.....................................................................................17
Best Interests of the Child.........................................................................19
Survival and Development........................................................................ 22
Participation.............................................................................................. 24
Education.................................................................................................. 26
Health and Health Services...................................................................... 27
Name, Registration, Identity and Nationality............................................ 28
Family Protection and Parental Care......................................................... 32
Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation....................................... 33
Protection from Torture, Cruel and Inhuman
and Degrading Treatment.......................................................................... 34
Specific Rights of Migrant Children, Internally
Displaced Children and Refugee Children................................................ 35
CHAPTER 3 DRIVERS OF CHILDREN ON THE MOVE...................38
3.1
Assessing the Scale of Children on the
Move within Africa................................................................................... 38
3.2
The Drivers............................................................................................... 39
3.2.1 Conflict and Insecurity.............................................................................. 40
3.2.2 Illegal Activities......................................................................................... 45
3.2.3 Economic and Social Factors.................................................................... 51
CHAPTER 4 MIGRATION ROUTES, MEANS,
TRANSITS AND DESTINATIONS......................................................59
4.1
Routes within the Horn of Africa and
Out of the Region......................................................................................59
4.1.1 Western/Northern Route...........................................................................59
4.1.2 The Sinai Route/Northern Route................................................................61
4.1.3 The Eastern Route.....................................................................................62