Insurance Scheme; - Law No. 09-031 of 27 July, 2009 on the institution of the Compulsory Health Insurance Scheme (RAMED) ; - Law No. 01-020 of 30 May, 2001 relating to pollution and nuisance, and - Decree No. 01-395/ P-RM of 06 September, 2001 setting the modalities for the management of waste water and sludge. TITLE II: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 28. Since it attained national and international sovereignty on 22 September, 1960, the country has witnessed three political regimes, with one transition after the events of 26 March, 1991: - from 1960 to 1968: a socialist regime led by a one-party arrangement (US RDA); - from 1968 to 1991: a military regime which installed a one-party constitutional arrangement in 1974, (UDPM), and - from 1992 to 2001: a regime of rule of law and pluralistic democracy characterized by an integral multiparty arrangement introduced by the Constitution of 25 February, 1992. 29. In 1992, Mali entered a new phase of its history after the events of March, 1991. The country, like the other States of the sub-region, then opted for a democratic regime after the National Conference had been held. 30. This desire was crowned with the adoption of a constitution promulgated on 25 February, 1992, and which constitution stated in its preamble as follows: “The sovereign people of Mali (have)… undertaken to remain faithful to the ideals… of a State based on the rule of law and pluralistic democracy… ” 31. It is in this regard that Article 25 of the Basic Law states that the Republic of Mali has the following eight (8) institutions: the President of the Republic, the Government, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, the High Court of Justice, the High Council of Local Government Authorities as well as the Economic, Social and Cultural Council. 32. Each of the eight Constitutional Institutions provided for by the said article plays a direct or indirect role in the promotion and protection of human rights. A. Judicial Institutions:  Supreme Court as well as the other courts and tribunals: 16