172. Several other texts have been prepared to improve land management: texts on the management of forest resources, wildlife and fisheries, Pastoral Charter, the Mining Code and the Agricultural Orientation Law. 173. Among the actions taken by the Government, mention can be made of: - The setting up of Mali’s Equipment Company (SEMA) in 1961; under the first Republic the National Housing Fund (FNL) was established in 1967 within the SEMA, an institution to which all employers had to pay 1% of the wage bill paid to employees. This measure was intended to generate resources to subsidize the SEMA programmes in order to make them accessible to target populations. - The Ministry in charge of Housing designed the National Strategy for Housing in Mali, which was adopted by the Government in October 1995 and which recommended the establishment of a housing bank and the transformation of the National Housing Fund into Malian Housing Office. These Housing funding structures were set up in 1996. 174. As part of the implementation of the National Strategy for Housing, the following texts were prepared: - Law No. 99-040/AN of 10 August 1999 governing property development; - Decree No. 00-274/P-RM of 23 June 2000 laying down the modalities for allocating benefits to real-estate developers; - Decree No. 00-275/P-RM of 23 June 2000 on the creation, responsibilities and operating modalities of the National Commission on Eligibility for Housing Programmes regarding the benefits provided for by the law governing estate development. 175. During this period, the following are worth noting: -the creation of Mortgage Guarantee Fund - a tool for the management of risks relating to estate financing which enabled banks, financial institutions and credit initiatives to offer real-estate loans. This institution was set up within the framework of the Mali Housing Financing Support Project (PAFHAM); -the creation of numerous real-estate companies that have carried a large number of housing programmes; - the creation of the Property Transfer Agency (ACI), initially created for the sale of Baco-Djikoroni plots within the framework of the second urban project in Mali. Currently, this institution has become real-estate developers dealing in auction of plots especially in Bamako; - Urban Development and Decentralization Project (PDUP) jointly financed by Mali and multilateral partners (World Bank) and bilateral partners whose main objective is to sustainably improve the provision of urban infrastructure by municipalities, in partnership with the Government, the private sector and communities. 39