Acknowledgments This study was prepared under the overall guidance of Professor Eddy Maloka, CEO of the APRM Secretariat. The research was led by Professor Melaku Desta, senior technical advisor to the CEO of the APRM Secretariat, while the South African Institute for International Affairs (SAIIA) provided significant research input. A number of colleagues from the APRM Secretariat have provided useful input throughout the development of the study. Members of the APR Panel of Eminent Persons have taken special interest in this report and made enormous contributions. The participants of the expert group meeting held in Kigali, Rwanda, from 14 to 15 September 2017 to validate the draft report provided useful and constructive feedback to improve the draft, which we have duly reflected in the final version. The UNECA has been instrumental in bringing this project to successful completion, including by sponsoring the expert validation meeting. Finally, H. E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President of the Republic of Uganda, accorded us the privilege to present the draft study to him and receive his wise guidance, while his officers were highly supportive and professional. We take this opportunity to thank them all. Disclaimer: This study is published under the sole responsibility of the Chief Executive Officer of the APRM Secretariat. Views and opinions expressed in this study may not be attributed to the APRM member states or APRM organs. 2

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