Page 65 195. These violations make the conditions of detainees worse and undermine fair trial in accordance with the international treaties and conventions, particularly the following:  The UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its 1966 Protocols;  The Convention Against Torture of 1948 which came into force in 1986;  The set of principles for protection of persons subjected to any form of detention or imprisonment, 1988;  The Minimum Rules of Treatment of Prisoners (1971);  Guidelines on the Role of lawyers;  1990 Guidelines on the Independence of the Judiciary, 1985. 1. Violation of the General Freedoms Violation of the Right to Freedom of Association 196. At a time when Morocco allows associations to exercise their rights inside Morocco, it prevents the Sahrawi human rights associations from exercising the same right in the occupied Western Sahara territories. It prevents them from monitoring the human rights situation and reporting on violations of those rights. 197. In this regard, the Moroccan authorities in El-Aaiun prevent CODESA from exercising its right to organise its Constituent Assembly since 7 October 2007 after finalising all the formalities required by the Moroccan law for the establishment of associations. 198. Despite the fact that a number of international organisations, the European Parliament and Diplomatic Missions accredited to Morocco have made representations to the Moroccan authorities on behalf of CODESA, Morocco stuck to its decision of preventing this Organization from exercising its right to establish without any genuine reasons.