capacity building of services and actors; (iii) advocacy and awareness for the mobilisation of resources, and increase awareness on the importance and the issuance of the birth certificate; (iv) strengthening coordination on birth registration. In Congo, many factors do not facilitate birth registration and adversely affect the smooth running of the process. Among other factors, the geographic coverage of the provision of civil registration is an illustration of the difficulties that people face in reaching the nearest centre of their residence, especially in rural and remote areas of the country. Field observations also show that in several departments, centres are not always functional for various reasons, mainly due to equipment and staff issues. Also, during the late registration campaigns that have been organised in 2004-2010, there was multiple staff involvement such as teachers in small remote communities, maternity and courts staff and senior staff of civil registration services. Following the recommendations of the study on the analysis of the birth registration process in Congo, the government through the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation has initiated a draft project joint multisectoral order for the creation of civil registration services in health facilities to simplify the procedure of obtaining birth certificates. Long considered second-class citizens, and left behind, indigenous people are the most marginalised and the most vulnerable layer of the Congolese population. They are often victims of discrimination and exploitation. Estimated at 43 3781 people, indigenous people represent about 1.2% of the Congolese population and are divided into 8912 households. They are the poorest of the society. 64.3%2 of indigenous people have no birth certificates. Since the launch of the operation "total and free registration of unregistered children in the civil register" by the president himself, in 2004, the government through the Directorate General of Social Affairs and Family and the Directorate General of Territorial Administration are pursuing this major issue. Several registration campaigns for civil registration were conducted. Significant results have emerged from 2006 to 2009: Issuance of birth certificates to 48,306 children including 41,107 Bantu children and 7222 indigenous children, out of the 67,149 children identified. However, we note some significant improvements in ECOM 2011 with 09% of children under 5 years unregistered, compared to ECOM 2005 data (14%), but there is still a large number of children who, as of today, are not reported to the civil register. In the analysis report of the General Census of Population and Housing in Congo; theme: vulnerable population, sub theme: pygmies or indigenous people, July 2010 The activity reports from the campaigns on late births reporting that were conducted in different districts in Congo show that indigenous people are a category of people affected by the non-reporting of births. 1 In the analysis report of the General Census of Population and Housing in Congo; theme: vulnerable population, sub theme: pygmies or indigenous people, July 2010 2 Ibid. 37