may renounce his/her nationality under the conditions provided by the above-mentioned code. "(Art. 17) As for the birth registration, which includes several constraints (availability of civil registration services, respect the maximum period of 30 days after birth, availability of register and staff, compliance with the free and legal obligation), its implementation is not fully guaranteed. Following the declaration of the year 2005 the year of free issuance of birth certificates to unregistered children in the civil registrar, the Directorate General of Social Affairs and Family in partnership with UNICEF carried out an advocacy work that raised awareness on a larger scale, through the identification of non reported children in the civil registrar and completion of pre-registration, in order to facilitate the procedures for obtaining birth certificates for the regularisation of the situation of children without birth registration, further involving local social services, courts and civil registration services. For their part, since the end of the period of armed conflict (2000) several civil society organisations (AEMO, Doctors of Africa, CADFM, APASU, Emergencies Africa) were committed along with the government, in the promotion of systematic birth registration. They also contribute to the fight against late registration by getting involved in advocacy, resource mobilisation and especially identification and pre-registration of unregistered children. Thus, in different departments affected by the phenomenon of non-reporting of births, these structures are involved in the facilitation of procedures ensuring the identification of unregistered children and conducting pre-registration. In addition, it the following were held: (i) a workshop seminar for training agents in contact with families, on pre-registration of unregistered births in the civil registry. In this regard, a documentary film 'Children without a birth certificate' was produced with the technical assistance of the Congolese television. This documentary was conceived as a space for dialogue for all stakeholders to advance the cause of the child around the issue of birth registration; (ii) forums and programmes in the domestic and foreign media (RFI, TV5 Afrique, Africa No. 1). In terms of birth registration in the civil register, catastrophic results were recorded in 2001 in Brazzaville (certainly due to the climate of insecurity and displacement caused by the armed conflict in the 90s), have led to a mobilisation of the relevant public services and international cooperation on the issue through: the organisation of joint awareness campaigns, establishment and distribution of birth certificates; the development of a study (analysis of birth registration process in Congo); the development and adoption of a national action plan for systematic birth registration(2009-2013); interventions in all the rural departments and among indigenous populations. The 2005 DHS has ranked the level of non-registration of children under 10 years to 19% on the entire territory and the general population census of 2007 estimated at 8.2% for children aged below 17 years. This increase seems logical, in relation to the 2003-2005 campaigns. However looking at it more closely, it appears that the rate of non-registration does not decrease quite rapidly: 19.0% in 2005 and 14.0% in 2011 for children under 5 years. At this pace, after the MDGs (2015), Congo will keep a percentage of children under 5 years without a birth certificate in the order of 9% to 10%. 35