Introduction: economic, social and political context At the end of the period of social and political unrest and civil war (1993-1999), the Government has had to face emergencies: - Return of nearly 800 internally displaced persons in a deplorable state of health, many of them victims of property losses and relatives, with serious or severe malnutrition affecting nearly 50% of them; - Destruction of public and private property including schools and health centres up to the country side; - Resurgence of diseases including malaria and vaccine-preventable ones (measles, respiratory diseases); - Drop in school attendance from 126% in 1990 to 78.5% in 1998; - Multiplication of social breakdown situations in families causing the emergence of several categories of vulnerable children, abandoned children, street children, child beggars, child workers, victims of economic and sexual exploitation; - Exposure of girls and parents to scenes of extreme violence causing deep trauma for thousands of children: National and international communities mobilised to alleviate the suffering of any kind, calm the social and political tensions and create both physical reconstruction condition, as well as economic and psychological, to the extent that 2013 was recognised as "the year of the normalisation of people's lives and repositioning of the country on the international stage ". The country has access to poverty reduction facilities; economic growth has stabilised around 4% in 2000 and in 2004, emergency programs of international assistance were replaced with annual and multi annual programmes development. However, the demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 2005 revealed even more alarming situations: child mortality rates reaching 117%, maternal deaths was 781 per 100 000 live births; a rate of non-registration of births of around 19% for children under 5 years. The economic household survey fixed poverty rate to 50.7% of the population: Indicators on education, nutrition and child protection remain a concern. Taking advantage of the oil boom in 2004 (increase of oil prices) which helped boost growth and allow better management of the debt, the Government was able to embark on the process of the HIPC initiative and in a extensive programme of public works, through the municipalisation and increased investment in the National Petroleum Company of Congo and greater attention to social sectors: Health, Education, Social Affairs: the total health budget went from 6.4% in 2006 to 6.9 % in 2007; Education increased from 3.5% to 3.9% of total budget; Social Affairs increased to 0.35% of the total budget. The allocations are very low especially for the latter. This attention has continued in 2008 and 2009 with the presidential decisions of free screening and biological monitoring for AIDS, as well as malaria treatment for children aged 0 to 15 years and pregnant women, all in December 2008. The measures were extended to free caesarean, surgery for ectopic pregnancy and other major procedures related to pregnancy and childbirth, and eventually to the release of civil servants’ salaries and the financial effects related to promotions. 11