Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Children orphaned as a result of all causes [thousands, aged 0–17, 2004 data from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2005 estimate] 180,000 School attendance ratio of orphaned children (2000–2006) 1.0 DEMOGRAPHICS Population data, 2007 xvi Population (thousands, 2006, under 18) 1,146,936 Population (thousands, 2006, under 5) 297,079 Population annual growth rate (1986–1996) 3.3 per cent Population annual growth rate (1996–2006) 1.2 per cent Crude death rate (1986) 11.7 per cent Crude death rate (1996) 12.8 per cent Crude death rate (2006) 12.8 per cent Crude birth rate (1986) 38 Crude birth rate (1996) 30 Crude birth rate (2006) 25.3 Life expectancy (1990) 59 Life expectancy (1995) 57 Life expectancy (2000) 49 Life expectancy (2006) 42.6 Total fertility rate (2006) 3.5 Population urbanised (2006) 23.8 per cent Average annual growth rate of urban population (1986–1996) 3 per cent Average annual growth rate of urban population (1996–2006) 7 per cent