84 (79 per cent) (21 per cent) 13 per cent 26 7 87 per cent (100 per cent) Senate – upper house (94 per cent) (6 per cent) 1 17 (95.38 per cent) (4.61 per cent) 1 95/67 5/3 0 Principal secretaries After 1998 elections After 2002 elections After 2007 elections 25 per cent (21 per cent) 7 0 (11 per cent) 2 (3.75 per cent) 3 75 per cent (79 per cent) 26 (100 per cent) 1 (89 per cent) 16 (96.25 per cent) 77 19 per cent (per cent) 11 (50 per cent) 2 (23.5 per cent) 4 (10.8 per cent) 13 81 per cent (per cent) 22 (50 per cent) 4 (76.5 per cent) 13 (89.2 per cent) 107 (31.6 per cent) 6 (36 per cent) 12 (50 per cent) 3 (31.6 per cent) 6 (21.7 per cent) 26 Assessment Presence of women increasing and surpassing 30 per cent SADC target of 2005. Good performance surpassed SADC 30 per cent target in 2005. Met 50 per cent AU/ SADC standard. Progress, but failed to (68.4 per reach 30 per cent target of 2005. Under 50/50 per cent cent) standard. 13 (64 per cent) 21 (50 per cent) 3 Progress: 15.8 per cent gain (68.4 per in 2002, and 12.5 per cent in 2007, though a decrease from cent) before. Missed 30 per cent threshold in 2005. Under 50 per cent standards. 13 Making positive changes, but (78.3 per underperforming and far from meeting the standards. “An cent) uphill struggle” states an expert. 94 No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of women men (per women men (per women men (per women men (per (per cent) (per cent) (per cent) cent) (per cent) cent) cent) cent) After 1993 elections Deputy/assistant ministers Cabinet National Assembly – lower house Category Table 3.3: Gender representation in political and decision-making leadership, 1996–2008 Chapter three: Democracy and good political governance