issues. There are also a lot of children who come in as refugees, they move in
to the country in a regular way but once they are in Ghana they claim to be
refugees. There are issues such as sexual exploitation and labor exploitation.
Trafficking for sexual exploitation and child labor is a big challenge in Ghana. It
was noted that there are legislative frameworks but the implementation is weak.
Moving forward it is pertinent to harmonize and strengthen national data
collecting on cross border issues to make appropriate interventions.
Sierra Leone
It was mentioned that Sierra Leone shares border with Nigeria and
Guinea. Ministry of Social Welfare Gender and Children Affairs is the national
coordinating mechanisms for children’s affairs. There is also a child welfare
committee to ensure the effective implementation of the child welfare policy and
the alternative care policy. Challenges in the country include; impact of civil war
(1990-2002), Ebola crisis, child abuse trafficking, harmful practices and others.
With regards to cross-border issues, there is a challenge of internal child
trafficking, there is a rise of local fostering called “Mehn Pikin” where children
are brought to urban centers with a promise for a better life and they end up
working on the street or in domestic labor. The 2017 report on situation of
human trafficking in Sierra Leone identified most common borders for children
on the move. The report also indicated that, over 500 young sierra Leoneans
were deported from Middle East, Europe and America.
It was noted that there are laws in place to tackle these issues such as the antihuman trafficking act, sexual offence act, age assessment guidelines and
others. Children get in conflict with the law when they cross borders, in such
instances they are rehabilitated in centers where they get services. Movement
of children from Sierra Leone to Liberia used to be high, now the trend has
changed to Guinea. West African Network on child protection has an office in
Sierra Leone. When children are moving unaccompanied the Government and
the network undertake reunification activities.
Liberia
It was noted that the major child protection concerns in Liberia include
children one the move, child marriage, ritualistic killing, children accused of
witchcraft, child labor, sexual violence and domestic violence. The issue of
refugees is not a big concern in Liberia. Regarding trafficking, there was an
instance where 25 children were found at the border with Guinea trafficked for
religious rituals; they were later reunified with their caregivers. There is
currently a campaign to address the issue of street children. Domestic violence
is a serious issue; there is an awareness creation campaign ongoing. Domestic
violence against children in general and the girl child in particular is severe.
Furthermore, witchcraft accusations directed at children is a challenge. With
regards to measures being taken, there are policies and institutional