As indicated in the Executive Summary, the country reports on the Cross Cutting Issues as follows: 8.1 Land Reform The 1913 Land Act13 created imbalances in land ownership that are still visible in modern day South Africa. Land ownership patterns continue to define in fundamental terms the South African inequality landscape. In this Report, interventions by government and civil society are discussed. South Africa has embarked on a land reform programme that includes Restitution of Land Rights, Land Redistribution and Land Tenure Reform. The restitution programme seeks to restore land rights to people who were dispossessed of their land by the 1913 Land Act. The Restitution of Land Rights Act of 1994 was promulgated to deal with the effects of the 1913 Land Act. The Act restores land rights by way of the return of the actual piece of land, the provision of an alternate piece of land or the payment of monetary compensation thereof. The Act makes provision for the establishment of a Commission for the Restitution of Land Rights (CRLR) and a Land Claims Court to facilitate its implementation. Government has already approved an extension for the restitution process.. Due to the complexity of some of the rural land claims, the deadline set by the CRLR will require an integrated and concerted effort by government. There is, however, marked progress on the restitution frontier, particularly in the following areas: • Strengthened relationship with the Executive Committee of the House of Traditional Leaders to expedite conflicts and confusion pertaining to Traditional Leadership in the restitution process • Communication strategies have achieved success through campaigns, such as the Siz’obathola Campaign in the Free Sate, by tracing ‘untraceable ‘claimants • In the Free State, the Regional Land Claims Commission has built relationships with key stakeholders, such as relevant departments, the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) and the Free State Rural Development Association to provide support for the sustainability of projects. 13 The Act allocated 87% of arable land was put under white minority ownership whilst the majority of black Africans had to contend with only 13%. Decades of land dispossession have culminated in the current dual agricultural sector, comprising a well-developed white commercial sector and a predominantly black subsistence- oriented sector in the communal areas.  The extent to which the 1913 Land Act was implemented differed according to province; with the then Orange Free State being the province where the Act was fully implemented, resulting in the complete abolition of independent tenancy for African people. Africans were either forced to become wage labourers on white-owned farms or displaced from the Free State to what later became known as homelands where agricultural production soon collapsed. 48