African Human Rights Yearbook (AHRY) Published by: Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) The Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) is a publisher at the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP endeavours to publish and make available innovative, high-quality scholarly texts on law in Africa. PULP also publishes a series of collections of legal documents related to public law in Africa, as well as text books from African countries other than South Africa. The articles in this Yearbook were peer reviewed prior to publication. For more information on PULP, see www.pulp.up.ac.za Printed and bound by: United Litho, Johannesburg To order, contact: PULP, Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 0002 Tel: +27 12 420 4948, E-mail: pulp@up.ac.za www.pulp.up.ac.za Cover: Yolanda Booyzen, Centre for Human Rights ISSN: 2523-1367 © 2018 THIS YEARBOOK SHOULD BE CITED AS (2018) 2 AHRY The African Human Rights Yearbook publishes peer-reviewed contributions dealing with the aspects of the African human rights system covering its norms, the operation of its institutions, and the connection between human rights and theme of the African Union for the year of publication, which in 2018 is ‘Winning the fight against corruption: a sustainable path to Africa’s transformation’. The Yearbook appears annually under the aegis of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The Yearbook is an open access online publication, see www.pulp.up.ac.za Copyright vests with the authors of the articles, the Commission, the Court, the Committee, represented by the Court, and the Centre for Human Rights. The financial assistance of GIZ is gratefully acknowledged.