241. A Department for the promotion of national languages in schools has been established at the Ministry of Education, but efforts still need to be made to ensure effective implementation of the measures taken to broaden the teaching of national languages throughout the country. Budget allocations of the Ministry of National Education and Vocational Training YEAR TOTAL 2011 111 340 337 000 7% % 2012 110 683 103 776 7% 2013 118 836 728 117 8% 2014 2015 132 588 182 000 127 936 972 000 8% 8% Source: MENFP E. Right to culture 242. Article 22 of the African Charter stipulates that “1. All peoples shall have the right to their economic, social and cultural development with due regard to their freedom and identity and in the equal enjoyment of the common heritage of mankind. 2. States shall have the duty, individually or collectively, to ensure the exercise of the right to development”. 243. The Constitution guarantees citizens the right to participate in the cultural life of their choice (Articles 33 and 34 of the Constitution). According to Article 33, “Every Chadian has the right to culture. The State has a duty to safeguard and promote the national values of civilization.” Article 34 states that “Every Chadian has the right to the creation, protection and enjoyment of his intellectual and artistic works. The State shall ensure the promotion and protection of the national cultural heritage as well as artistic and literary production”. 244. In 2000, according to RAMSAR data, Chad was the only Sahelian country among the seven (7) Central African States to have created 9 protected areas, representing 9% of the national territory. In addition, the country had the largest area of land in the region designated as wetland of international importance, with a surface area of 1,843,000 ha. 245. In 2012, the network of parks and nature reserves for biological diversity covered nearly 10.2% of the country’s surface area. These include national parks, wildlife reserves, protected areas and hunting grounds. Some areas have special values and deserve protection. The main parks are: Zakouma National Park (PNZ), Manda National Park (PNM), Sena-Oura National Park (PNSO). There are also the following nature reserves in addition to these parks: Binder Léré Wildlife Reserve; Fitri Lake Biosphere Reserve, Barh Salamat Wildlife Reserve, Siniaka -Minia Reserve, Ouadi Rimé/Ouadi Achim Reserve, Fada Archei Wildlife Reserve, Aboutelfane Reserve and Mandelia Wildlife Area. Page 56 sur 87