3. Every individual shall have the right, when persecuted, to seek and obtain asylum in other countries in accordance with the law of those countries and international conventions. 4. A non-national legally admitted in a territory of a State Party to the present Charter, may only be expelled from it by virtue of a decision taken in accordance with the law. 5. The mass expulsion of non-nationals shall be prohibited. Mass expulsion shall be that which is aimed at national, racial, ethnic or religious groups.” 147. In Chad, freedom of movement is enshrined in Article 44 of the Constitution, which states that “every Chadian has the right to move freely within the national territory, leave and return to the country”. 148. However, within the framework of the national policy for the protection of minors, the Government adopted specific measures with respect to them. Thus, Decree No. 100/AFF/SOC/1963 of 16 May 1963 on the protection of children and adolescents requires prior written authorization from parents or legal guardians when a child is traveling from one city to another. This authorization must be approved by the sub-prefect or the head of the district in which the home of the parents is located. This authorization must indicate the reasons for the child’s travel and the duration of his or her travel. Under Article 5 of the said Decree, “drivers of motor vehicles, boats or canoes who transport minors under the age of 16 for free or in return for payment without the authorization provided for in Article 2, shall be punished by an imprisonment term of three to six months and a 5,000 to 20,000 francs fine. Their driving licences may also be revoked in accordance with the procedures laid down in Articles 198 to 202 of Order No. 223 of 31 December 1954 on traffic regulations”. 149. In view of current counter-terrorism requirements, police checkpoints are being set up to ensure security of tenure and of people. 150. However, repeated attacks by the Islamist sect Boko Haram in Chad have forced the Government to take exceptional security measures within and across its borders. L. Right to participate in the management of public affairs 151. Article 13 of the African Charter stipulates that “1. Every citizen shall have the right to participate freely in the government of his country, either directly or through freely chosen representatives in accordance with the provisions of the law. 2. Every citizen shall have the right of equal access to the public service of the country. 3. Every individual shall have the right of access to public property and services in strict equality of all persons before the law.” Page 37 sur 87