by a term of imprisonment of six days to six months and a fine of 5,000 to 50,000 francs.” The criminal courts ensure the effective implementation of these provisions. B. Right to employment 161. Article 15 of the African Charter stipulates that “Every individual shall have the right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions, and shall receive equal pay for equal work.” 162. Chadian legislation not only guarantees the population access to public sector jobs but also provides for equal pay for equal work. Under Article 31 of the Constitution, “access to public sector employment is guaranteed to all Chadians without any discrimination, subject to satisfaction of the conditions specific to each employment”. And Article 32 provides that “the State recognizes the right to work for all citizens. It guarantees workers fair remuneration for services or production. No one may be discriminated against on account of his or her origins, opinions, beliefs, gender or marital status”. 163. Act No. 17/PR/2001 of 31 December 2001 on Civil Service Regulations. Article 5 of this Act provides that “access to public sector employment is open to any Chadian who fulfils the conditions laid down in Title IV of this Act, without distinction of gender, religion, origin, race, opinion or social position, subject to the conditions of physical and mental fitness or the conditions specific to certain occupations determined by the relevant statutory provisions”. 164. Private sector workers are governed by Act No. 038/PR/1996 of 11 December 1996 on the Labour Code in the Republic of Chad. 165. Following these measures, the State carried out a general salary increase in both the public and private sectors. Considered as priority sectors, health and education workers thus benefited from special statutes granting them allowances and bonuses. 166. The wages of private sector workers were also increased. For example, the Guaranteed Interprofessional Minimum Wage (SMIG), which was 25,400 CFA francs, has been increased to 60,000 CFA francs since 21 January 2011 pursuant to Decree No. 55/PR/PM/MFPT/2011 (0.41%). 167. Chad has adopted numerous measures in the area of employment. The National Office for the Promotion of Employment (ONAPE) strives to provide young graduates who do not have any professional experience with training programmes tailored to their needs and/or placements to accumulate professional experience and hence facilitate their hiring. 168. The working age population increased considerably between 2003 and 2011 from 3,676,307 to 5,920,776 respectively, i.e. an average annual increase of 6.1%. This growth rate, which is much Page 40 sur 87