CHAPTER TWO: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND CURRENT CHALLENGES people and the threat to the very existence of the state and its institutions, and of economic recession and social exhaustion, that the first structural and political reforms were implemented by the public authorities before the structural adjustments programme took over in 1994. The effects of this were felt in terms of the reduction of employment in the public sector and the depletion of some sources of income. Box 3: A brief chronology of Algeria since independence 48 18 March 1962 Signing of the Evian Agreements in France, putting an end to the war. 5 July 1962 Proclamation of independence. Ahmed Ben Bella becomes President. September 1963 The FLN becomes the sole party. June 1965 Assumption of power by the Revolutionary Council. Houari Boumedienne becomes Head of State. 1978 Death of President Boumedienne. 1979 4th FLN Congress appoints Chadli Bendjedid as candidate for the Presidency. February 1979 Chadli Benjedid is elected President. 5-10 October 1988 Events of 5 October. July 1989 Constitutional revision introducing the multiparty system June 1990 Municipal elections won by the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS). 26 December 1991 Victory of the FIS in the first round of multiparty elections. 1992 President Chadli resigns. The High Committee of the State, led by Mohammed Boudiaf, is established on 14 January 1992. A state of emergency is proclaimed and the FIS is dissolved by court order. June 1992 President Mohammed Boudiaf is assassinated. He is replaced by Mr Ali Kafi. January 1994 Liamine Zeroual becomes President of State after the adoption of the February 1994 platform. 1995 Liamine Zeroual is elected President of the Republic. 1998 Liamine Zeroual resigns. April 1999 Abdelaziz Bouteflika is elected President of the Republic. 8 April 2004 President Bouteflika is re-elected with 83.49 per cent of the vote. 29 September 2005 Referendum on the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation.