CHAPTER THREE: DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL GOVERNANCE objectives are to be achieved primarily by amending the constitution of the public service; alleviating administrative procedures to eliminate bureaucracy; increasing methods of control and regulations; strengthening and modernising local administration, including a new territorial division and the reform of local finances; elaborating on a citizenship charter; and enhancing national competencies in the service of development. 256. As regards administrative reform to improve the provision of services, these services are articulated around four principal areas. First, the reform of state structures and missions has led to a new general constitution of the public service, adopted in 2006. The new constitution should allow the missions of the public service to adapt to the new role of the state; to guarantee the overall unity, identity and coherence of the public service sector emanating from the state as employer; and to promote the emergence of an effective administration that is in touch with the citizens and capable of responding effectively to the requirements of public service. 257. The second axis of reform consists in modernising public office and improving the quality of public service. In this regard, several reform projects have been launched, in particular the establishment of the Ministry of Posts, Information and Governmental Internet Communication Technologies in 2004. Some 50 public institutions are affected by this. The introduction of ICT in public administration has revolutionised the relations between certain public sectors and citizens in a positive, effective manner. For example, in the educational sector, the National Examinations and Competition Office allows candidates who have sat end-of-year examinations to establish their results online, using a reference number that is given to them before the examination. At the level of the tribunals and courts, administrative services have been computerised and allow citizens to obtain police records and certificates of nationality without any difficulty. At the level of the wilayas (prefectures), vehicle registration cards are issued by computer, as are national identity cards, which are issued by the daïras (sub-prefectures). 258. The third axis over the past two years has focused on revising the structure of the central administration to resuscitate its strategic mission of developing, following up and evaluating public policies. This restructuring also aims to reduce the structure of the government and to stabilise and rationalise it. 259. Administrative reforms have focused on the amendment of the constitutions of public institutions to ensure that their prerogatives conform to the evolving administrative, economic, social and cultural environment. The measures adopted in this regard have consisted of the dissolution of certain public institutions whose activities do not fall under the mission of the public service; legal transformation of certain public administrative institutions into industrial and commercial public institutions, or scientific and technological public institutions; the merger of public institutions with similar missions; and the transfer of control over certain institutions from one ministry to another. In practical terms, these reform processes have resulted in the dissolution of 18 90