Experiences from other continents bear witness to successful cooperation between the private sector governments, and security forces towards combating insecurity.300 The private sector can fill important gaps in developing infrastructure to promote investment in war torn regions, particularly where natural resources are concentrated.301 Due to the political neutrality of private sector entities, they can be useful carriers of messages of peace to all siders of conflict. The private sector can carry out dialogue and consultations with conflicting parties with a view to obtaining minimum guarantees on security and reciprocally beneficial enabling environments in the realm of economic development.302 The private sector has a role to play in supporting DDR around the economic reintegration of ex combatants. ILO has identified various employment opportunities designed by the private sector as alternative forms of livelihood for ex-combatants which include apprenticeship as a form of corporate social responsibility,303 and the engagement of security firms that employ ex-combatants for example. Private sector corporations can and have integrated women in rural populations and plugged them into critical value chains.304A 2019 study by the International Finance Corporation shows that private corporations in Africa are adapting business models, goods and services to cater to refugee needs as well as looping refugees through the value chain as employees .305 Development entities view the complementary role of the private sector as requiring strategic engagement as it boosts the agency of refugees to improve their livelihoods, which as a long term measure is viable. 306 However, corporations are not inherently benevolent neither do they have selfascribed stated goals in peacebuilding for the most part. Outside the realm of 300 Gatter K ‘How the Private Sector Helped Make Tijuana Safe Again’. 12 November 2015. Available at https://medium.com/@CIPE/how-the-private-sector-helped-make-tijuana-safe-again-fb86c429a205 301 Private Sector and Peacebuilding Processes. June 2009. Available at http://www.peacebuildinginitiative.org/indexa3ab.html?fuseaction=cmc_printall.print&pageId=2087&printview =true 302 Andersson et al ‘Private Sector Actors and Peacebuilding: A Framework for Analysis’ Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2011 303 ILO ‘Private sector actors & peacebuilding: A framework for analysis’ Intl. Council of Swedish Industry, Swedish Institute of Intl. Affairs, 1 January 2011 304 Peschka ‘The Role of the Private Sector in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States’ World Development Report 2011 305 World Economic Forum ‘What can the private sector do to alleviate the refugee crisis’ Available at https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/region__ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/subsaharan+africa/resources/psr-pathways-to-scale 306 ibid 98